Preventing bee colonies from being lost during the winter requires care and proper preparation. Here are some important tips to boost bee health and resilience:
Ensure enough food
The bees need sufficient honey reserves for the winter, usually around 15–20 kg per colony depending on the climate. If supplies are low, you can supplement with sugar solution or forage before the temperature drops.
Fight varroa mites
Varroa mites weaken bees and spread viruses, increasing winter mortality. Check and treat mites at the end of summer or early autumn after the harvest with, for example, formic acid, and before winter with oxalic acid.
Unite weak communities
Weak communities can advantageously be merged during the autumn to form a stronger community that can better keep warm.
Insulate and protect the hive
Protect the hives from cold winds and ensure that the insulation is adequate. Good insulation reduces energy consumption and helps the bees maintain a stable temperature.
Management of moisture
Condensation inside the hive can be dangerous. Good ventilation without drafts is important, and many beekeepers tilt the hives slightly forward to allow condensation to drain out.
Winter monitoring
Keep an eye on the bees with minimal disturbance. Sounds from the hive can provide an insight into their health. Modern technology can also monitor temperature and humidity and warn of problems.
With these measures, beekeepers can help their colonies survive the winter better and reduce the risk of bee deaths.
